公共数据库发文章需要伦理吗?
在临床科研中,公共数据库(如NHANES、MIMIC、GBD、UKB等)的使用日益普及,研究者也通常面临这样的一个困惑——我挖掘公共数据库,需要申请伦理吗?本文基于国际伦理规范、期刊政策及数据库条款,系统解答四大关键问题。 并为大家附上五大常用数据库的“伦理说明”案例。🤩
问题一:伦理审查是什么?
定义:伦理审查(IRB/Ethics Approval)指机构伦理委员会对研究中人体参与者风险、隐私保护及知情同意的评估过程。
核心审查要素:
- 风险等级:物理 / 心理 / 社会伤害可能性(如基因数据泄露导致歧视)。
- 知情同意:参与者是否明确授权数据用途(如UKB要求二次使用者签署协议)。
- 隐私保护:数据脱敏技术是否达标(如K-匿名化,差分隐私)。
问题二:公共数据库研究需要申请伦理吗?
答案:一般情况下不需要。
免责的法律政策和依据:
依据类型 | 具体条款 | 适用案例 |
---|---|---|
国际通用规范 | 《赫尔辛基宣言》第32条:匿名化数据研究可豁免伦理审查 | NHANES、GBD等汇总数据研究 |
数据库条款 | UKB数据使用协议:“已获伦理批准,二次分析无需重复申请” | UKB基因组关联分析 |
期刊政策 | Nature声明:“纯公共数据库分析只需声明数据来源” | SEER肺癌生存模型研究 |
需要申请伦理的例外情况:
- 数据链接研究:将公共库数据与本地敏感信息链接(如匹配医院病历中的住址)。
- 新增干预:基于数据库发现开展后续患者干预(如招募UKB参与者进行药物试验)。
问题三:为什么公共数据库可以豁免伦理?
三大核心原因:
1. 事前伦理审查已完成
- 数据库建设阶段已通过伦理审查(如UKB获英国NHS伦理批准,编号16/NW/0274)
- 参与者签署泛知情同意(Broad Consent),允许数据用于未来研究
2. 数据脱敏技术保障安全
脱敏技术 | 实现方式 | 应用案例 |
---|---|---|
完全匿名化 | 删除所有标识符(姓名,ID等) | GBD全球疾病负担数据 |
准标识符管控 | 保留年龄、性别但限制细分组 | MIMIC数据库 |
计算访问控制 | 远程服务器分析(如UKB Research Analysis Platform) | 基因组数据禁止下载 |
3. 风险等级归类为“最小风险”
- 美国卫生与人类服务部(HHS)定义:“伤害概率不高于日常生活”
- 公共数据库研究仅涉及回顾性数据分析,无主动干预
问题四:文章伦理声明怎么写?
NHANES数据库
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population-based cross-sectional survey designed to collect information on the health and nutrition of the U.S. household population. Data was collected through structured interviews at home, physical examination at a mobile center, and laboratory tests, and designed with multistage probability sampling. The protocol of NHANES was approved by the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) ethics review board, and all participants had provided written informed consent.
全国健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)是一项基于人群的横断面调查,旨在收集有关美国家庭人口健康和营养的信息([15])。数据是通过在家中的结构化访谈、移动中心的体格检查和实验室测试收集的,并采用多阶段概率抽样设计。NHANES的方案得到了国家卫生统计中心(NCHS)伦理审查委员会的批准,所有参与者都提供了书面知情同意书。
标题:Association of systemic immune inflammatory index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in hypertensive individuals: Results from NHANES
期刊:Frontiers in Immunology(IF=5.7)
PMID:36817427
MIMIC数据库
The analyzed data in this retrospective study were from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database upon recruitment between 2008 and 2019. The participants were recruited from the ICU of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The original data collection and de-identification process were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of both Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ting Wu has the access to the database and was responsible for the data extraction.
本回顾性研究中的分析数据来自2008年至2019年招募时的重症监护医学信息市场(MIMIC)-IV数据库。参与者是从Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center的ICU招募的。原始数据收集和去标识化过程已获Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center和麻省理工学院机构审查委员会的批准。Ting Wu拥有数据库的访问权限,并负责数据提取。
标题:Joint association of the triglyceride–glucose index and stress hyperglycemia ratio with incidence and mortality risks of new-onset atrial fibrillation during sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
期刊:Cardiovascular diabetology(IF=8.5)
PMID:40176089
GBD数据库
All data used in this study did not contain identifiable personal or medical information. For GBD 2019, a waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Washington. All information on ethical standards is available through the official website. Therefore, no additional ethical approval was required for this study. Consent to participate was not required for this study.
本研究中使用的所有数据均不包含可识别的个人或医疗信息。对于GBD 2019,华盛顿大学机构审查委员会审查并批准了知情同意的豁免。有关道德标准的所有信息均可通过官方网站获得。因此,本研究不需要额外的伦理批准。本研究不需要知情参与。
标题:Burden of Stroke Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperature in 204 Countries and Territories: A Population-Based Study, 1990–2019
期刊:Neurology(IF=7.7)
PMID:38598742
SEER数据库
The National Cancer Institute deemed this cohort study to be exempt from institutional review board approval because publicly available deidentified data were used. Thus, informed consent was not required. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.
美国国家癌症研究所认为该队列研究无需机构审查委员会批准,因为使用了公开可用的去识别化数据。因此,不需要知情同意。该研究遵循加强流行病学观察性研究的报告(STROBE)报告指南。
标题:Incidence and Survival Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
期刊:JAMA network open(IF=10.5)
UKB数据库
The UK Biobank is a sizable, population-oriented investigation encompassing over 500,000 individuals between the ages of 37 and 73 years residing within the United Kingdom. The methodology of this study has been previously outlined in other literature. The ethical clearance for the UK Biobank was granted by the North West Multi-Center Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/03820). Before being enrolled in the study, all participants provided written consent after being fully informed, adhering to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
英国生物样本库是一项大型的、以人群为导向的调查,包括居住在英国境内的500,000多名年龄在37至73岁之间的人。2015该项研究的方法在其他文献中概述。2017英国生物样本库的伦理许可由西北多中心研究伦理委员会授予(REC参考:11/NW/03820)。在参加研究之前,所有参与者在充分知情后都提供了书面同意书,并遵守赫尔辛基宣言中概述的原则。
标题:U-shaped association between sleep duration and biological aging: Evidence from the UK Biobank study
期刊:Aging Cell(IF=8.0)
PMID:38556842
总结
数据库 | 伦理状态 | 声明关键要素 |
---|---|---|
UK Biobank | 二次分析豁免 | 注明 Application ID |
NHANES | 完全匿名,豁免审查 | 声明数据周期(如 2017–2020) |
SEER | 脱敏数据免审 | 限制单元格 ≤5 例的展示 |
MIMIC | 需 CITI 伦理认证 | 引用数据版本(如 MIMIC-IV v2.2) |
GBD | 汇总数据免审 | 标注数据来源(GBD 2021) |